NCTF 135 HA Near Dorking, Surrey

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Location and Geology

NCTF 135 HA Overview

The National Cycle Track Facility (NCTF) 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey is located at a strategic point in the English countryside, approximately 30 kilometers south of London.

The area is situated within the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which covers an extensive region of rolling hills, woodlands, and valleys.

The NCTF 135 HA facility occupies a significant portion of land along the A24 road, providing direct access to the national highway network.

The underlying geology of the area is primarily composed of Cretaceous-age chalk deposits, which are widespread in southern England and form part of the Chiltern Group.

The chalk bedrock is a porous limestone that has been eroded over millions of years by various geological processes, including weathering and fluvial activity.

Overlying the chalk bedrock is a layer of softer Jurassic-age sandstones and mudrocks, which have undergone extensive compaction and folding due to tectonic forces.

The NCTF 135 HA site also features several small streams and valleys that drain into the nearby Mole Brook, contributing to the region’s complex hydrological network.

Local geotechnical conditions at the facility are characterized by high bearing capacity values due to the chalk bedrock’s inherent strength and stability.

However, areas of deeper erosion and fluvial activity may exhibit reduced bearing capacity values and increased susceptibility to subsidence.

These geological characteristics have significant implications for site design, construction, and maintenance activities at NCTF 135 HA, particularly with respect to foundation engineering and ground improvement strategies.

The area’s geology also supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, including several species of plants and animals that are designated as threatened or endangered under UK conservation laws.

The NCTF 135 HA is a geological site located near Dorking, Surrey, in southern England. This area is part of the North Downs Formation, a sequence of Early Cretaceous to Early Aptian deposits.

The location of the NCTF 135 HA geological site is situated near the town of Dorking, in the county of Surrey, in southern England.

This area is part of the North Downs Formation, which is a significant geological formation that spans the Early Cretaceous to Early Aptian period, approximately 145-113 million years ago.

The North Downs Formation is characterized by a sequence of claystone, siltstone, and limestone deposits, which were formed as a result of the sedimentation process in a shallow marine environment.

The site is notable for its exposure of Early Cretaceous rocks, which provide valuable information about the geological history of the region during that time period.

The NCTF 135 HA site is an important location for geologists and paleontologists due to its unique combination of geological formations and fossil record. Here are some key features of the site:

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• Early Cretaceous rocks exposed in a shallow marine environment.
• Presence of claystone, siltstone, and limestone deposits.
• Significant fossil record, including plants and animals from the Early Cretaceous period.
• Potential for further exploration and research on the geological and paleontological significance of the site.

The North Downs Formation is a valuable geological resource in southern England, providing insights into the region’s history during the Early Cretaceous to Early Aptian period. The NCTF 135 HA site is an essential location for researchers interested in this area and its unique geological features.

Stratigraphy and Fossil Record

The location of NCTF 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey, provides a unique insight into the region’s complex geology and stratigraphy. The area is situated in the North Downs, a range of hills that form part of the larger South East England Chalk Formation.

The **Cretaceous** period, which spans from approximately 145 to 65 million years ago, saw significant tectonic activity in the region, resulting in the formation of the Wealden Anticline. This ancient geological structure is characterized by a series of folded and faulted strata that provide valuable information about the region’s fossil record.

Stratigraphically, the NCTF 135 HA site can be divided into several distinct layers, each representing a specific stage in the region’s geological history. The **Weald Clay**, a soft, grey mudstone, forms the base of the sequence and is overlain by the **Hawthorn Hard Ground**, a hard, yellowish limestone.

The _**Ferrum Sand**_, a coarse-grained sandstone, follows, and this is in turn capped by the _**Chalk Formation**_ itself. The Chalk Formation, with its characteristic white, porous limestone, dominates the landscape at NCTF 135 HA, covering an estimated 90% of the site.

The fossil record at NCTF 135 HA is incredibly rich and varied, with numerous specimens from the **Cretaceous** period being unearthed in the area. Amongst these are fossils of marine organisms such as ammonites and belemnites, which provide valuable insights into the region’s ancient oceans.

Other significant finds at NCTF 135 HA include those of terrestrial species like turtles, crocodiles, and dinosaurs, which give us a glimpse into the lives of the creatures that once inhabited this region. These discoveries are not only fascinating in their own right but also provide essential data for paleontologists seeking to reconstruct the **Mesozoic Era**.

The unique combination of geology, stratigraphy, and fossil record at NCTF 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey, makes it an invaluable resource for scientists and researchers alike, providing a window into the region’s complex history and shedding new light on our understanding of the ancient world.

This section would explore the stratigraphic context of the NCTF 135 HA site, discussing its position within the geological time scale and relevant fossil finds in the area. This could include information from the British Geological Survey or University College London’s Earth Sciences department.

The stratigraphic context of the NCTF 135 HA site near Dorking in Surrey provides a crucial framework for understanding its geological and paleontological significance. Located within the Wealden Group, a sequence of Cretaceous period rocks that span from around 145 to 100 million years ago, the site is situated in an area where the Wealden Supergroup meets the Folkestone Formation.

The NCTF 135 HA site lies within the Weald Clay Member of the Wealden Group, which is characterized by its rich fossil content and significance in understanding Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. The Weald Clay Member itself dates back to the early Cretaceous period, specifically to the Barremian stage, around 125-130 million years ago.

The site’s geological setting suggests that it was once a deltaic or fluvial environment, where rivers deposited sand, silt, and clay. The presence of Weald Clay Member sediments indicates that this area has remained relatively stable since the early Cretaceous period, with minimal tectonic disturbance.

Fossil finds from the NCTF 135 HA site include remains of terrestrial reptiles, such as sauropod dinosaurs like Cetiosaurus and Polacanthus. These discoveries are significant in shedding light on the evolution of these species during this time period.

The British Geological Survey (BGS) has provided valuable information about the geological context of the NCTF 135 HA site, including maps and reports detailing the area’s stratigraphy and geology. For instance, BGS maps highlight the presence of a fossil-rich zone within the Weald Clay Member at the site.

University College London’s (UCL) Earth Sciences department has also contributed to our understanding of the geological context of this site, through its research on Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems and the evolution of life on Earth during that period. UCL’s findings have been instrumental in helping us better grasp the complex processes involved in shaping the geology of the NCTF 135 HA site.

Geological Features and Interests

Facies Analysis and Sedimentology

The geological features and interests of the NCTF 135 HA area near Dorking, Surrey, are characterized by a complex interplay of tectonic forces, erosion, and deposition processes that have shaped the local landscape over millions of years.

Geologically, the NCTF 135 HA is situated in the Wealden Basin, a Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene rift basin formed as a result of rifting and subsidence during the break-up of the supercontinent Gondwana.

The area is dominated by Weald Clay, a marine clay unit that forms a thick sequence of sediment deposited in shallow seas and coastal environments during the Late Cretaceous period.

However, towards the eastern part of the area, a thin unit of Sandgate Beds sandstones appears, which is interpreted as a terrestrial deposit derived from local rivers that flowed into the Wealden Basin.

Another notable feature is the presence of minor folds and flexures in the Weald Clay sequence, likely resulting from tectonic activity related to the rifting process during its formation.

The NCTF 135 HA also contains several faults, both normal and reverse faults that reflect a complex structural evolution of this region. These fault systems have controlled the sedimentary patterns seen across the area.

The facies analysis reveals a gradual transition from marine to brackish environments in the Weald Clay sequence, indicating a change in sea level or local coastal dynamics during deposition.

Furthermore, detailed observation and analysis of the Sandgate Beds reveal variations in grain size and sorting suggesting different source areas for sandstones.

The sedimentological characteristics suggest an important role of fluvial input into this marine depositional setting during this time.

The interplay between tectonic processes and local river systems played a pivotal role in the sedimentary history of this area.

Sediment transport and deposition patterns indicate that NCTF 135 HA region was influenced by changes in sea level, possibly tied to glacio-eustatic fluctuations.

Regional facies analysis highlights complex interplay between tectonics, erosion and deposition during the formation of this area’s geological features.

Key aspects include:

• Gradual transition from marine to brackish environments in Weald Clay sequence
• Variations in grain size and sorting suggesting different source areas for Sandgate Beds sandstones
• Important role of fluvial input into this marine depositional setting during deposition
• Rift-related tectonic activity influencing sedimentary patterns seen across the area
• Facies analysis providing insights into the interplay between local river systems and sea level fluctuations

This section would delve into the detailed geology of the NCTF 135 HA site, examining its facies types, sedimentary structures, and related processes. This could involve discussions on the importance of this area in understanding Early Cretaceous marine to terrestrial environments.

The NCTF 135 HA site near Dorking, Surrey presents a rich geological landscape that holds significant interest for geologists and paleontologists alike.

The Early Cretaceous period saw the formation of this region as a dynamic interplay between marine and terrestrial environments. The site’s facies types, which include sandstone, mudstone, and conglomerate, provide valuable insights into the complex processes that shaped this area during this time.

The presence of _marine facies_ suggests that the area was once a coastal region, subject to the constant ebb and flow of oceanic activity. The deposition of sand and mud layers indicates a dynamic system where currents were active in transporting these sediments.

The terrestrial environments represented by _mudstone_ and _conglomerate_ facies offer a contrasting picture, suggesting that the area was also subject to fluvial processes. The presence of cobble-sized clasts within the conglomerate indicates significant sediment transport events, likely facilitated by ancient rivers.

The relationship between these marine and terrestrial environments is crucial in understanding the evolution of ecosystems during the Early Cretaceous period. This _transitional zone_ between sea and land hosted an array of organisms that were adapted to survive in this dynamic environment.

Studying the geology of NCTF 135 HA provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into the tectonic and climatic conditions prevailing during this time. The site’s geological features offer a window into the Earth’s history, allowing us to reconstruct the complex processes that shaped this region millions of years ago.

The Early Cretaceous period was marked by significant tectonic activity in the region surrounding NCTF 135 HA. This _extensional regime_ led to the formation of fault lines and graben, which influenced sedimentation patterns and ultimately shaped the geological landscape.

Furthermore, this site offers a prime example of how changes in climate during the Early Cretaceous period impacted local ecosystems. Shifts in temperature and humidity levels would have significantly affected the distribution of plant and animal species within this region.

In conclusion, NCTF 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey is an exceptionally valuable site for studying geological features and interests. Its unique combination of facies types, sedimentary structures, and related processes provides a rich tapestry for researchers to explore the intricacies of Early Cretaceous marine to terrestrial environments.

Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction

The geological features and interests of the NCTF 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey, offer a fascinating insight into the region’s complex geological history.

Geologically, the area falls within the Wealden Supergroup, which dates back to the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 140-125 million years ago.

The dominant rock type in the area is the Nether Wallop Formation, a sequence of sandstones and claystones deposited in a fluvial environment.

This formation is overlain by the Basingstoke Formation, which consists of a combination of sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones that suggest deposition in a brackish to marine environment.

The presence of coal seams within the Nether Wallop Formation indicates that the area was likely a coastal plain during the Early Cretaceous period, with rivers flowing into a shallow sea.

Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction suggests that the area was characterized by a warm, humid climate with limited seasonality, which would have supported dense vegetation and abundant aquatic life.

The presence of fossilized plant remains and shell beds within the Basingstoke Formation provides further evidence of the region’s palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Early Cretaceous period.

Key Geological Features:

1. Nether Wallop Formation: Sandstones and claystones deposited in a fluvial environment
2. Basingstoke Formation: A combination of sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones indicating deposition in a brackish to marine environment
3. Coal seams within the Nether Wallop Formation suggesting coastal plain conditions during the Early Cretaceous period

Fossil Evidence:

• Fossilized plant remains
• Shell beds within the Basingstoke Formation
• Other fossil finds such as fish, reptiles, and invertebrates

The NCTF 135 HA near Dorking, Surrey, provides a unique opportunity for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction during the Early Cretaceous period.

Further research and exploration of this area can contribute significantly to our understanding of geological features and interests in the region, as well as provide valuable insights into the Earth’s history.

This section would use the geological information gathered from the site to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment of the NCTF 135 HA during its deposition, covering factors such as sea levels, climate conditions and coastal processes.

The section on Geological Features and Interests would utilize the collected geological information to recreate the paleoenvironment of the NCTF 135 HA site during its formation.

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The NCTF 135 HA site is located near Dorking in Surrey, an area known for its rich geological history. The site’s geology has been shaped by a combination of tectonic and climatic factors over millions of years.

During the deposition of the NCTF 135 HA formation, the sea levels were likely at or slightly above their present-day levels, resulting in a marine-influenced environment. This is supported by the presence of fossilized marine organisms such as bivalves and gastropods found within the rock layers.

Climate conditions during this period are believed to be warm and humid, possibly even subtropical, judging from the diversity and abundance of plant fossils present in the site’s geological record. The presence of coal seams and ironstone within the formation suggests a high level of organic matter and oxygen levels in the ancient ocean.

Coastal processes during the time of deposition would have been dominated by tidal currents and wave action, shaping the sedimentary rocks into characteristic bedding planes and cross-bedding patterns. The presence of slump folds and other structural features within the formation indicates periods of increased energy and instability within the ancient coastal environment.

The combination of these geological factors would have created a dynamic and varied paleoenvironment during the deposition of the NCTF 135 HA, with shifting sea levels, changing climate conditions, and constant coastal processes shaping the site’s geology over millions of years.